Safe for animals:
Since CombirepelTM is designed to repel pests effectively and not kill the rodents/termites or any other animal/insect; it doesn't harm any target or non-target species in any way. We are committed to our environment & we believe that no harm must be caused to animals or to the environment. Cables & pipes often pass through large expanses of untouched forests & outdoors, several native & protected species often come into contact with these cables. Moreover, crops often get damaged due to indeterminate and arbitrary use of pesticides and insecticides. These can even affect target species which are in fact useful for agriculture such as bees which help in pollination, earthworms which help in maintaining the porosity of the soil which is extremely important for crops.
Moreover, even termites although they cause a lot of damage are in fact necessary in maintaining the ecological balance. Ecologically, termites are important in nutrient recycling, habitat creation, soil formation and quality and, particularly the winged reproductives, as food for countless predators. The role of termites in hollowing timbers and thus providing shelter and increased wood surface areas for other creatures is critical for the survival of a large number of timber-inhabiting species. Larger termite mounds play a role in providing a habitat for plants and animals, especially on plains in Africa that are seasonally inundated by a rainy season, providing a retreat above the water for smaller animals and birds, and a growing medium for woody shrubs with root systems that cannot withstand inundation for several weeks. Thus CombirepelTM is designed to be a completely harmless product.
Safe for humans:
It is safe for humans as well. Therefore any sort of accidental ingestion wouldn't prove to be fatal or have any detrimental side effects but merely unpleasant.
Environmental Implications:
CombirepelTM is completely inert within the polymer matrix apart from executing its primary function of repelling the animal/insect. Thus it doesn't leach out to pollute and as a result wouldn't contaminate the groundwater, surface water reserves, and soil. Moreover, it has a low vapor pressure which means that it doesn't volatilize easily thus not resulting in vapors mixing with the atmosphere. Also, it is thermally stable at the highest polymeric processing temperatures.
Thermal Stability
CombirepelTM has been designed considering the unique requirements of the myriad applications.
Most of the polymeric applications require processing additives at elevated temperatures through the process of extrusion. Thus, thermal stability is a prime consideration for most additives to be used. CombirepelTM molecules are stable and thus can withstand almost all polymeric processing temperatures.
Extrusion temperatures being as high as 100-300°C, CombirepelTM can be used effectively for processing in polymers while at the same time retaining its efficiency.
Low-toxicity
Most often toxicologists use Lethal Dose and Lethal Concentration to gauge the toxicity of most chemicals; evaluated on many kinds of animals but most often testing is done with rats and mice. The LD50 or LC50 is one way to measure the short-term poisoning potential (acute toxicity) of a material.
It is usually expressed as the amount of chemical administered (e.g., milligrams) per 100 grams (for smaller animals) or per kilogram (for bigger test subjects) of the body weight of the test animal. The LD50 can be found for any route of entry or administration but dermal (applied to the skin) and oral (given by mouth) administration methods are the most common.
Please see the scale on toxicity tabulated by Gosselin, Smith and Hodge.
| Gosselin, Smith and Hodge Scale |
| Probable Oral Lethal Dose (Human) |
| Toxicity Rating or Class |
Dose |
For 70-kg Person (150 lbs) |
| 6 Super Toxic |
Less than 5 mg/kg |
1 grain (a taste - less than 7 drops) |
| 5 Extremely Toxic |
5-50 mg/kg |
4 ml (between 7 drops and 1 tsp) |
| 4 Very Toxic |
50-500 mg/kg |
30 ml (between 1 tsp and 1 fl ounce) |
| 3 Moderately Toxic |
0.5-5 g/kg |
30-600 ml (between 1 floz and 1 pint) |
| 2 Slightly Toxic |
5-15 g/kg |
600-1200 ml (between 1 pint to 1 quart) |
| 1 Practically Non-Toxic |
Above 15 g/kg |
More than 1200 ml (more than 1 quart) |
All grades of CombirepelTM fall under category 1 i.e. "Practically non-toxic". CombirepelTM has been classified under FIFRA (Section 25 B) as a minimum risk pesticide.
