“By gnawing through a dike, even a rat may drown a nation” aptly quoted by Hon. Edmund Burke. This is the power of rats and their family of rodents. With rodent population growing 10X faster than humans, the riot caused by them is also escalating at an equal pace. Rodents predominantly affect rural families in three main ways: they damage the irrigation tubing in the field as well they eat, spoil and contaminate stored food; they are liable to disrupt basic gas/ water/ power supply by disrupting haulage tubes and cables; and they carry diseases of humans and their livestock. Asia Pacific region contains two-thirds of the World’s poor—approximately 800 million people in 2001— and the majority of these people live in rural areas. Management of rodent pests in agricultural regions is therefore a high priority for reducing poverty. Polymer products are particularly affected since they cannot endure the attack by rodents. A sneak peek into the rodent invasion at varied levels in myriad applications is illustrated. Conventionally available and popularly used rodenticides cause chronic diseases that may be more severe than the malady caused by rodents’ invasion. The article aims to demonstrate the necessity of increased awareness so as to minimize the rodent incurred economic losses and to emphasize the need to switch to safer and eco- friendlier alternatives.

Rodent menace:

The number may be intriguing but true; forty percent of mammal species found on earth are rodents. Scores of rodents are found on all continents other than Antarctica. Common rodents include mice, rats, squirrels, porcupines, beavers, guinea pigs and voles. Rodentia is an order of mammals also known as rodents, which is characterized by two continuously growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must be kept short by gnawing. Gnawing is defined as the act of biting, chewing on, or eroding with the teeth.

Indeed, in almost all regions, the rodent species found around houses and in fields are viewed as ‘pests’ or even as ‘vermin’. And often with just cause—the rodents consume and spoil crops in the field and in storage bins, they damage household possessions and even buildings and roads, and they play an often overlooked but highly significant role in the transmission of various diseases.

Rodent menace can cause severe economic losses. Rodents chew on plastic doors, sidings, benches, molded plastic parts, cables, wires, railway components practically anything. In the wild too, they chew on products made of plastics such as trash bins, containers, cables etc. The rodent menace to polymer products in various industrial sectors is illustrated in Fig. 1:

Fig. 1: Rodent menace in different industrial sectors.

Rodents are particularly fascinated to plastic pipes and tubing which are laid either on surface or underground. The color and odor of plastic pipes attract rodents, which in search of water and their fetish for gnawing action attack these pipes; that may or may not be hauling water.

Wires and Cables: Rodents gnawing through wires could result in short circuits leading to fire hazards; whereas damage to optical fiber cables could disrupt transmission of sensitive communication. Rodents often disturb underground train services and metro rail services. Sterlite Optical Technologies Ltd. has published several papers on rodent damage to wires and cables; vividly troubled by this issue. They claim that rodent attacks have been a chief cause for heavy maintenance cost of duct & direct-buried cable networks and is a threat to service operators in almost all geographic locations of the world.

Agriculture: Rodents have two major impacts. The first is the substantial pre- and postharvest losses they cause to agriculture. The second is as carriers of debilitating human diseases.

Drip irrigation & Pipelines (pre- harvest losses): Drip irrigation, also known micro- irrigation, is an irrigation method which saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. However, the whole purpose of conservation of water using such systems turns futile if these tubes get vulnerable to rodent attacks. Some farmers despondently state that “for every eight rows of rice they sow for their families, they sow two rows for the rats.” Pioneers in drip irrigation systems, Jain Group, has now included rodent deterrent type of hoses/ tubes in their product catalogue.

Storage containers and bags (post- harvest losses): Rodents have an enormous economic impact on stored grain in developing countries. In one year, 25 adult rats would eat and damage about half a ton of grain and produce about 375,000 droppings! Good data on postharvest losses caused by rodents are sparse; however, reports of up to 20% postharvest losses of rice are not unusual. Under traditional rice farming systems, rodents generally cause chronic losses to production in the order of 5–10% per annum. In Asia, a loss of 5% of rice production amounts to approximately 30 million tonnes; enough rice to feed 180 million people for 12 months.

Gas hauling devices: Sensitive applications such as gas transfer are also disturbed by chewing of rubber gas tubing and pipelines. This has now compelled the pipeline and rubber tubing manufacturers to fabricate products, with anti- rodent properties, complying with government specifications. Timesonline, UK News, had reported a disastrous death of old lady due to gas explosion. Gnawing rodents were to blame for the death of an 80-year-old woman in a massive explosion that flattened her home. They had gnawed through her kitchen rubber pipes, causing a build-up of gas in the room.

Aircraft arrester systems: According to study by the Defense Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India; the aircraft arrester system remains in open ground all the time, since it is used on runways. It is damaged by rodents who by nature chew and cut materials and hence nylon tapes in open fields are susceptible to these rodent attacks. Fig. 2 shows a snapshot of the damage to the conveyor belts with and without rodent repellent properties published by the researchers in an article. The rodents consume more than 50% of the nylon belt without any rodent repellent additive.

Fig. 2: Degree of damage in tapes with and without rodent repellent property (Pigment & Resin Technology, 34/5, 2005, 270–274)

Automobile: Many of us have had trouble starting our cars in the morning as a rat or a vole had eaten through the cable. Complaints of car shut-downs and engine damage are extensive and prevalent globally. And to add to the dilemma, rodent damage is not covered under most auto insurance schemes.

Domestic appliances: LG, one of the leading home appliance manufacturers, has been trying to come up with new methods to prevent the cable and wiring of refrigerators from rodent attack. They have developed anti- rodent sleeves using ROHS compliant polymer additives for such measures.

Current methods and their drawbacks for rodent control:

Traditional chemicals used as rodenticides include organochlorine pesticides like Lindane and heavy metal based compounds such as Copper Naphthenate and Lead Naphthenate. These are used as additives in polymer industry during extrusion. However, these chemicals are not meant for use in polymer products due to following concerns:

• Human Health Hazard: These harmful rodenticide additives volatilize at polymer processing temperatures and release extremely fumes. Not only does this lead to an extensive loss of chemical during processing; but also poses fatal hazards to workers handling such products at the shop floor. A short term or an acute exposure to such toxins can cause brain damage, kidney damage and gastrointestinal distress while a long term or chronic exposure would mean adverse effects on kidney, blood pressure and central venous system of humans. Carcinogenic and mutagenic disorders have also been reported.
• Environmental issue: The use of such pesticides is also a serious environmental concern as they leach out from the polymer to enter the atmosphere and are later deposited by rain. They get carried into surface waters as well as ground water. Being fat-soluble such chemicals tend to accumulate through food chains, as is common with organochlorine pesticides.
• Regulatory norms: Most countries like Finland, Indonesia, Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Saint Lucia, Sweden, Australia, Austria, Cyprus, Norway and Sri Lanka have either banned or restricted the use of Lindane and other such poisonous pesticides. In India too, eminent government bodies like TEC, RDSO, etc have defined the antirodent test methodology to account for the non toxic nature of the additives, and to curb the use of hazardous chemicals by the polymer industry.

Thus, control over rodents in a safer, better and eco-friendlier manner is the need of the hour; in India and other parts of the world.

Non toxic and more efficient alternative:

Employing innovative masterbatch formulation techniques and focusing on environmental issues and safety norms that are the call for the day, polymer-specific masterbatch for effective rodent repellence is now possible. Combirepel™, a patented product by C-Tech Corporation, has been successful in keeping the rodents away from plastic articles in non hazardous manner. These are compatible with almost all polymers used for cable/ tubing/ sheets/ pipes applications. The product is made from natural oils and is free of any chemical toxins or heavy metals.

Combirepel™ does not kill but only repels the animal by making use of the sensory mechanisms. The product functions from a distance due to the foul smell which generates a typical fear response in the animal. Ferocious species are further deterred from biting by advanced mechanisms like dermal irritation, extremely bitter taste, sensory stimuli modification and henceforth conditioning of their response towards the Combirepel™ containing products. Thus, Combirepel™ actually helps in modifying animal behavior. Rodents being social animals also communicate the bad experience to their population in vicinity.

It is also available in lacquer and liquid form and can be easily coated onto an application to repel the rodents. The best part about this product is that it works on the mechanism of repellence and does not kill the target species. i.e. rodents, thus being in accordance with the need of the century, Sustainability and green chemistry.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

 

Aptly defined as the pain producing component, Nonivamide is a synthetic capsaicin belonging to the genus Capsicum.¹

Nonivamide is also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA and is a capsaicinoid. It is present in chili peppers, but is commonly manufactured synthetically. The reddish brown, oily liquid obtained by extracting dried, ripe fruit of chili peppers is known as Oleoresin capsicum. More than 100 compounds have been identified in oleoresin capsicum, but capsaicin is the most pungent and particularly irritant component in many peppers comprising of 0.007% to 0.7% of dried mass. ²

2 most unfortunate myths associated with this synthetic capsaicin are discussed in this article.

MYTH #1:

“Nonivamide can be used to deter pests”

Capsaicin compound is sold popularly as mammalian pests, bird and insect deterrents. A common example is the use of ground-up or crushed dried chili pods in birdseed to deter squirrels, since birds are unaffected by capsaicin. However, these solutions may be a realistic option for commercial applications.

Although hot chili pepper extract is commonly used as a component of household and garden insect repellent formulas, extensive studies show that it is not clear that the capsaicinoid elements of the extract are responsible for any repellency. Even if the effects are seen, they are only temporary. ³

Infact, the matter of fact is that- Unlike many fruits, which have evolved to seed dispersal with the zoochory, the seeds of Capsicum plants are predominantly dispersed by birds themselves, in which capsaicin has an analgesic rather than irritant property! Chili pepper seeds consumed by birds pass through the digestive tract unharmed, whereas those consumed by mammals do not germinate at all.

Most of the pests possess evolutionary advantages: Birds & mammals do not have the same sensitivity to capsaicin anymore, because it targets a specific pain receptor which is now immune to the hotness. Chili peppers are eaten by birds living in the chili peppers’ natural range. The seeds of the peppers are distributed by the birds that drop the seeds while eating the pods, and the seeds pass through the digestive tract unharmed. This relationship may have promoted the evolution of the protective capsaicin. In the picture above, you can see a grey squirrel inside a chili ring of fire, eating the bird food.⁹

MYTH #2:

“Nonivamide is non- toxic and safe to humans”

Since capsaicin is universally used as self- defense and riot- control agent in form of pepper sprays, tear gas, etc, the notes and documents from various statutory bodies world- wide have been sadly misunderstood. In the summary report on Nonivamide by The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit), a conclusion that Nonivamide has low oral toxicity and recommendation for use in topical treatment is given. Similarly, a Committee on Toxicology of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products & the Environment has given a statement on the use of PAVA as an incapacitant spray. The report concludes that the available information, both from the toxicity data in experimental studies, and experience in use, indicates that the low exposures arising from the use of PAVA incapacitant spray would not be expected to be associated with any significant adverse health effects.

Capsaicin is almost non- toxic, as also highlighted by these reports. But the glitch here is that in food/ pharma applications the dosage of Nonivamide is not more than 1%. Most of the self defense or pepper sprays contains not more than 0.32% of capsaicin. In large quantities, capsaicin can cause death.⁵ Symptoms of overdose include difficulty breathing, blue skin, and convulsions. Eye exposure produces intense tearing, pain, conjunctivitis and blepharospasm.⁷

Acute toxicity values:

The lethal dose (LD50 in mice) of capsaicin is 47.2 mg/kg. According to WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, this compound falls in Class 1b (5- 50 mg/kg rat) meaning a “highly hazardous substance”. (Refer WHO classification in table along). The label for such a substance is shown here.

R- and S-Phrases:

R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. The list was consolidated and republished in Directive 2001/59/EC, where translations into other EU languages may be found. R-phrases for Capsaicin are:

R25 Toxic if swallowed;

R36 Irritating to eyes:

R37 Irrigating to respiratory system;

R38 Irritating to skin;

R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes;

R42/43 May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact.⁵

 

S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. The list was consolidated and republished in Directive 2001/59/EC, where translations into other EU languages may be found. S- phrases for Capsaicin are:

S22 Do not breathe dust;

S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

S28- After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water;

S36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.

S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell; seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible).

 

DOT Classification:

CLASS 6.1: Poisonous material

Identification: Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (capsaicin) UNNA: 2811 PG: III

Case Study:

Human Voluteer Studies were carried out by exposing volunteers to PAVA by inhalation to study the effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The aerosol was generated using a nebulizer to provide respiratory particles. Ten healthy subjects and ten mild asthmatic subjects were exposed to a range of concentrations. It was noted that under operational use with concentrations as low as 1.3%, the subjects would be likely to be experiencing a high level of stress, and this could lead to clinically significant bronchospasm.⁸ 

Non- toxic and non- hazardous options in lieu of Nonivamide:

Unlike conventional rodenticides or termiticides, Rodrepel™® and Termirepel™® respectively “repel” the pests; and have been prepared by molecules simulated by advanced research which are completely non toxic to humans as well as other animals. They are completely free of insecticides, heavy metals or products such as copper or lead napthenates, lindane etc or chemicals- natural/synthetic found dangerous or harmful to humans or animals. The products do not migrate or leach out from the polymer to contaminate ground water resources. The active life of these products is 15- 40 years depending upon application.

To eradicate this problem we at C Tech Corporation have come up with a viable solution. We have come up with a product named Combirepel™.

Combirepel™ is an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard, and environmentally safe anti-rodent additive for master batches specially developed for a range of polymeric and coating applications including films, wires, and cables. It is also effective in case the target species is birds and other animals. It is compatible with nearly all polymeric bases such as PVC, LDPE, HDPE etc.

It is also available in lacquer and liquid form and can be easily coated onto an application to repel the rodents. The best part about this product is that it works on the mechanism of repellence and does not kill the target species. i.e. rodents, thus being in accordance with the need of the century, Sustainability and green chemistry.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

 

Forty percent of mammalian species are rodents. There are about 2,277 species of rodents. They are one of the most abundant creatures on this planet. Rodents are found in vast numbers on all continents except Antarctica, mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieost islands, and in all habitats except oceans.  Nearly all rodents share the characteristic of dentition highly specialized for gnawing. This specialization gives rodents their name from the Latin, rodere, to gnaw. During gnawing, the incisors grind against each other, wearing away the softer dentine, leaving the enamel edge as the blade of a chisel. This ‘self-sharpening’ system is very effective and is one of the keys to the enormous success of rodents. They can survive in the worst possible conditions too. Their success is probably due to their small size, short breeding cycle, and ability to gnaw and eat a wide variety of foods. Rodents are important in many ecosystems because they reproduce rapidly, and can function as food sources for predators, mechanisms for seed dispersal, and disease vectors. Humans use rodents as a source of fur, as pets, as model organisms in animal testing, for food, and even for detecting land mines as they have an acute sense of smell. Also their success rates in such operations are nearly 100%. Due to the wide diversity of their characteristics, some of which are considered uncommon or unique amongst mammals, rodents are used widely in research.

But these creatures spread havoc in all areas of life owing to their continuous gnawing. Recently the damage incurred due to this has increased manifold .The most horrifying incident that has come to light recently is that of a little girl attacked by rats in her very home the place where children think they are the safest. Becky Evans of Daily News U.K reported on 7^th March, 2013 the hair rising tale of seven year old Francesca Williams who was bitten by a foot long rat while in her merry sleep. The rat bit the girl on her face and arms before she could even realize what had happened. The unprecedented incident left the girl traumatized to the point where she couldn’t sleep in her own bed for almost a week.

These rodents know no discrimination while selecting their targets. They can attack the common man as well as highly placed Govt. officials and politicians as was aptly proved in a recent attack. On 22^nd April, 2013 a news channel Soweton Live reported that at 100 Plein Street, one of the buildings in the parliamentary precinct, rats wreaked havoc as they chewed telephone wires and left even left droppings on an official’s desk. Neglecting up gradation of the building was believed to be the cause of the infection. Poison traps were promptly set up to counter the infestation. But the damage was already done.

Having said that rats are not the only rodents which are capable of causing damage. David Maccar on 12^th April, 2013   reported that an angler was killed by a Beaver a kind of rodent while on a fishing trip to Belarus. Beavers are the 2^nd largest rodents in the world. Beaver is basically a nocturnal semi-aquatic rodent having very powerful front teeth. Beavers have two distinct species the North American beaver (Castor Canadensis) (native to North America) and Eurasian beaver. The victim was bit by the rodent while trying to click its picture. The rodent bit him on the thigh severing an artery in the process which led to heavy blood loss and consequent death.

A new problem is emerging which needs our immediate attention. It is that of mutant rats. This has come to light as we see Iran struggling to treat its rat problem. The problem has reached epic proportions owing to mutant rats to the levels   that snipers are being deployed at night to kill the rats. Giant rats that have been flushed out of their nests by melting snow are the focus of a renewed extermination effort in the Iranian capital, according to several reports. Some of the rodents reportedly weigh as much as 11 pounds. The Iranian scientists postulate that a genetic mutation seems to have occurred in the rats owing to the chemicals and radiation that they have been exposed to earlier. Attempts to kill the earlier generations of these rats with toxic chemicals is believed to have triggered this mutation which would have normally taken millions of years to evolve and develop. The result has been catastrophic as these rats now weigh 5-6 kilos instead of the earlier 60gm thus making it more difficult to capture them by the conventional means. Although some scientists   express disbelief regarding the existence of these mutated   rats they all seem to agree on the fact that some rats species have become resistant to traditional poisons. In 2012, a researchers in Britain published findings that estimated 75 percent of rats in West England were resistant to rodenticide.

Thus   we have seen those rodents true to the title are perpetuators of misery and suffering worldwide. Also increasing number of species are becoming resistant to the traditional poisons. Thus the time has come to develop an out of the box approach and find new innovative ways of handling the rodent menace.

To eradicate this problem we at C Tech Corporation have come up with a viable solution. We have come up with a product named Combirepel™.

Combirepel™ is an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard, and environmentally safe anti-rodent additive for master batches specially developed for a range of polymeric and coating applications including films, wires, and cables. It is also effective in case the target species is birds and other animals. It is compatible with nearly all polymeric bases such as PVC, LDPE, HDPE etc.

It is also available in lacquer and liquid form and can be easily coated onto an application to repel the rodents. The best part about this product is that it works on the mechanism of repellence and does not kill the target species. i.e. rodents, thus being in accordance with the need of the century, Sustainability and green chemistry.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

 

The Issue:

No rosy introductions, no sneak previews, lets do straight talk!

Rodents adversely affect humans in three main ways:

1. They eat agricultural crops in the field;
2. They eat, spoil and contaminate stored food; and
3. They carry diseases of humans and their livestock.

In the Asia–Pacific region, rodents are one of the most peril constraints to agricultural production. This region contains two-thirds of the World’s poor—approximately­­ 800 million people in 2001 and the majority of these people live in rural areas. Management of rodent pests in agricultural regions is therefore a high priority for reducing poverty.

More than 90% of the world’s rice is produced and consumed in Asia, with rice producing 35–60% of the total food energy for the three billion people living in the region (Khush 1993). The pre-harvest impact of rodent pests on rice-based agricultural systems in 11 Asian countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam causes chronic losses to production in the order of 5–10% per annum. Today, it is not unusual for small-holder rice farmers to report chronic yield losses of 20–30% per annum, rising to 50% or even total crop loss in certain seasons. In Asia, a loss of 5% of rice production amounts to approximately 30 million tonnes; enough rice to feed 180 million people for 12 months! Postharvest losses are probably of a similar magnitude to pre- harvest losses. (Gary Singleton)

In India, losses of grain to rodents are estimated to be 25-30% postharvest at a cost of at least US$5 billion annually in stored food and seed grain (FAO 1999). Another author claims that this could be a conservative figure, based on estimates that there are in excess of 2.5 billion rats in India and each one potentially could cause US$10–15 billion in damages each year (Hart 2001). Postharvest damage by rodents includes direct consumption of stored grain and contamination by rodent excrements, parasites, and corpses and damage to containers (e.g., jute bags in India particularly). Also, in Indonesia, Suharno (1987) reported that rodent gnawing was the cause of treatment failures for insect pests, and increased treatment costs in bag stacks sealed under plastic enclosures after disinfestations with carbon dioxide.

There are 60+ rodent-borne diseases reported to affect humans (Gratz 1996). The foremost diseases for concern within the rice-growing agricultural zones

• Leptospirosis (6,000 cases in Thailand in year 2000 with 320 deaths; A. Payakaphanta, pers. commun.);
• The arena- and hantaviruses that cause haemorrhagic diseases (Mills 1999);
• The plague (Yersinia pestis); rat typhus (Rickettsia ); and
• Neuro-angiastrongyliasis (Prociv et al 2000).

The proposed solution:

The bad

Human ingenuity has come up with different ways of catching rodents. Many groups of people have developed specific traps and snares that either kill or capture any rodent that ventures too close. Four main kinds of traps are: single-capture live-traps, single-capture kill-traps and snares, multiple-capture live-traps & pitfall traps. With rodent population being as high as 10 per sq m. in some areas, this does not seem to be a feasible option. Additionally, the disposal of trapped rat in timely manner would be a humongous task.

The ugly

Poisoned baits and spray pesticides are used extensively in many parts of the world. It has been estimated that approximately 95% of all rodenticides used are anticoagulant baits. Not only are these baits easy to use and readily accessible over the counter, they are extremely effective in killing rodents and other pests. However, they also are lethal to non-target species, including human besides domestic dogs and cats of course! These are mainly based on inorganic compounds which are not metabolized but are directly absorbed, distributed and excreted. Most of them have adverse effects on mutagenicity, teratogenicity and reproduction of humans. The table following this article, compiled by Dr. Gary Singleton based on personal visits to rice fields will demonstrate the gravity of situation in various Asian countries. Currently only toxic rodenticides are used which should be curbed as early as possible.The

Conclusion:
Rodents cause tremendous economic hardship to Asian smallholder farmers, yet solutions for management can be simple and effective. Innovative non- toxic and eco- friendly options need to be encouraged to enter the fascinating secret world of rats and work closely with farmers to assist them in their struggle against the hardships caused by rodents.

 

Country	National Government priority	Farmer priority	Lead Government Agency	Current Control by Farmers (government recommendation)
Bangladesh	High	High	BRRI, BARI (and NGOs)	Reactive use of rodenticides; fumigation burrows; traps (rodenticides-no clear operational national policy)
Cambodia	Moderate	High in regions	CARDI, AEC	Community rat hunts; digging; reactive use of regions poison (ZnPh of variable quality) (reactive provision of bounties and ZnPh)
China PR	Moderate	??	Various	Reactive use of acute and chronic rodenticides (chronic rodenticides)
India	Very High in regions	High	AICRRP, funded by IRC, ICAR	Bunds–low growth; trapping; reactive use of rodenticides in mass-scale control programs (rodenticides: surveillance then pulse application; fumigation)
Indonesia	Very High	Very High	CRIFIC: RIR, DFCP	Reactive use of poisons; fumigation (sulfur); hunting; bunds – low growth (except main channels); CTBS; bounty (EBRM: CTBS; bunds–low growth; synchronous crops; etc.)
Lao PDR	High in Uplands	High in Uplands	NAFRI, Provincial Dept. Agric	Bounties; hunting; digging; reactive use of poison (ZnPh; unknown Chinese) (no government recommendations formulated)
Malaysia	Low	Patchy	MARDI, Dept. Agric	Reactive use of acute poison (ZnPh); anticoagulants (use anticoagulant weekly for 8 wk after planting crop; barn owls as predator)
Myanmar	High	High	MAS	Reactive use of poisons; hunting; digging
Philippines	Low	High	PhilRice, BPI, RCPC, NCPC	Reactive use of acute poison (ZnPh); seasonal NCPC rat drives (postharvest); digging; bunds–low growth (sustainable baiting using anticoagulant after planting crop)
Thailand	Moderate (High for health)	??	DOA- AZRG, DOAE- PPS	Reactive use of acute poison (ZnPh); digging; hunting (strategic use of chronic [or acute] poisons; pit traps)
Vietnam	Very High	Very High	MARD: IAS- South, NIP- North, MARD- PPD and sub- PPDs	Bounties; reactive use of poisons (ZnPh; unknown Chinese; BioRat; anticoagulant); plastic fences; CTBS (BioRat; cat as predator (developing CTBS/EBRM principles))

To eradicate this problem we at C Tech Corporation have come up with a viable solution. We have come up with a product named Combirepel™.

Combirepel™ is an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard, and environmentally safe anti-rodent additive for master batches specially developed for a range of polymeric and coating applications including films, wires, and cables. It is also effective in case the target species is birds and other animals. It is compatible with nearly all polymeric bases such as PVC, LDPE, HDPE etc.

It is also available in lacquer and liquid form and can be easily coated onto an application to repel the rodents. The best part about this product is that it works on the mechanism of repellence and does not kill the target species. i.e. rodents, thus being in accordance with the need of the century, Sustainability and green chemistry.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

 

Squirrels belong to a large family of small or medium-sized rodents called the Sciuridae. The family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots(including woodchucks), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and have been introduced to Australia. They are generally small animals, ranging in size from the African pygmy squirrel at 7–10 cm (2.8–3.9 in) in length and just 10 g (0.35 oz) in weight, to the Alpine marmot which is 53–73 cm (21–29 in) long and weighs from 5 to 8 kg (11 to 18 lb). Squirrels live in almost every habitat from tropical rainforest to semi-arid desert, avoiding only the high Polar Regions and the driest of the deserts. Squirrels cannot digest cellulose and have to rely on foods containing proteins and fats. As their large eyes indicate, squirrels generally have an excellent sense of vision, which is especially important for tree-dwelling species. They also have very versatile and sturdy claws for grasping and climbing. Many also have a good sense of touch, with vibrissae on their heads and limbs. The teeth of squirrels follow the typical rodent pattern, with large gnawing incisors that grow throughout life, and grinding cheek teeth set back behind a wide gap. In one year’s time, a squirrel’s incisors can grow up to six inches. Ground-dwelling species are generally social animals, often living in well-developed colonies. The living squirrels are divided into five subfamilies, with about 58 genera and some 285 species. The Indian palm squirrel is the most common type of squirrel found in India. Squirrels are generally inquisitive and persistent animals.

As mentioned earlier they have the characteristic trait of rodents that is they have ever-growing incisors which compels them to chew on anything. Optical fibers have revolutionized modern day communication including cable T.V and internet. These optical fiber cables can be damaged seriously by gnawing rodents. In August 2011, The Atlantic reported the spokesperson of Level 3 communication, a fiber network company with 84,000 miles of cable to having incurred losses to the level of 17% due to damage done by squirrels. These rodents chew on the fiber optic cables thus damaging them. Another cable company Time Warner Cables recently reported that they suffer heavy damage to fiber optic cables owing to squirrels as they chew through the lines. When this occurs the fiber optic cable’s protection is lost and they become susceptible to rain and other natural elements.”Squirrel chews” had compelled them to replace 87 miles of cable during 2011 incurring losses in hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Squirrel’s knack of chewing into cables extends to coaxial cables too. There have been reports of sudden long cable outages owing to chewing by squirrels. Carra Higgins of The Inter-Mountain reported that there were sudden outages in the Rich Mountain area owing to squirrel gnawing in certain portions of the cable. The cable company spokesman was quoted as saying that squirrels climbed on telephone wires to access the cable lines. These coaxial cables were typically coated with aluminum which fell prey to the squirrels. These ubiquitous, furry buzz saws are most likely damaging aerial cable plant in worldwide settings, increasing maintenance expenses and reducing the productivity of technical operations groups. Service outages caused by squirrels can also adversely affect the image of service providers, possibly reducing revenue growth.

Various methods are being traditionally used to tackle this problem. One of the methods being used is the use of barriers which partially or completely surround the outside of the cable. Barriers outside the cable are typically designed to prevent a rodent’s jaws from opening wide enough for it to chew the barrier thus effectively protecting the cable inside. These barriers can be used in aerial applications. But they have a lot of constraints. The use of physical barriers increases the material cost as well as the cost of deploying the cables. The greater the size and weight of the cable the greater is the wind and ice loading. It is thus uneconomical to use them.

Another method being used to protect cables from squirrels is the use of Rodenticides which are by all means toxins. The use of these rodenticides is strongly discouraged due to their ramifications on the environment and the food chain. These rodenticides essentially contain toxic substances which have a high vapor pressure and they, therefore, enter the environment easily. Also as these rodenticides are designed to kill the toxins enter the food chain via any animal who feeds on the dead squirrel.

Better alternatives need to be found out to protect the cables from squirrels and other rodents alike. The salient features being not to kill but to generate a repellant response in the target species. Rodrepel fits the profile perfectly as it is non-toxic, non-hazardous, environmentally friendly rodent repellant.

We, at C Tech Corporation have come up with the right solution for this. It is known asCombirepel™.  Combirepel™ is a niche product which is a rodent aversive. The difference between this product and other rodenticides is that it is an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard and eco-friendly. It works on the mechanism of repellence and does not kill the target species but only repels them.

Using this eco-friendly product will definitely help reduce the rodent menace.

The product is compliant with ROHS, ROHS2, ISO, REACH, APVMA, NEA, EU-BPR, and FIFRA exempted.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

For many numerous years many attempts were made to keep away rats, mice away from homes storage bins & other areas. Most commonly traps & poison are used to kill this vermin. In addition to create dead animal disposal problems, traps & poison also pose dangers to children & pets.

Rather than to try to kill the rats, better is to deter them in entering the area. It’s a belief that if a rat slayer neglects to sufficiently cover up his or her violent act with soil, members of the dead rat’s coven will seek revenge.

For over a year now, this small ragtag army of ravenous rodents possessing extra-strong teeth, crouch surreptitiously in the dark secret space between the ceiling and the roof during daytime, as humans scurry beneath them, ignorant of the insidious plans fermenting in those small, yet sharp and focused animal brains.

Despite the animals’ obvious taunting of our human authority however, none of us had even tried to eradicate these nasty nocturnal attackers.

Rodents cause damage to seating in rail coaches, air conditioners, food served in railways are mostly infected by rodent urine & feces , as rodents are always their prime visitors in pantry section. They are a carrier of numerous dangerous diseases.

Armies of rodents have made railway stations across the state their home, posing a serious threat to the safe passage of trains and commuters, the problem is getting serious with rats digging deep burrows under the railway tracks, due to which tracks had become loose. This had disturb the train services

Platforms had become a breeding ground for rats due to food items thrown on platforms. Besides, the grains from goods trains provide more food to them. Lakhs of huge rats infest trains and breed along platforms.

In railways, Combirepel™ can be used to paint the undercarriage, walls of the railway coaches and the galvanized surfaces of the pantry. It remains remains active as long as the paint last which is about 18 months. The window sides, bed linen storage area, seat corners, electric board, dustbin, lavatory were coated with the lacquer. The pantry and AC coaches were painted as well. Entire body panel was painted to make it completely rodent proof.

They can damage our home & furniture by gnawing on the wood. They can chew through the plaster walls & enlarge existing holes in the wood so they can easily have an access to their food resources.  They can easily enter in to our cars & can chew away the wirings, tore away seats covering, which can led to costly repairs afterwards. Lacquer based solution incorporated with Combirepel™ can be used to paint this cars & furnitures which will repel this rodents from entering & damaging the property. .

Combirepel™ which is an innovative product of C Tech Corporation is useful to repel rodents in non hazardous way, not by killing them but by repelling & making use of sensory mechanism. The product is made  up from natural oils & and is free from toxic chemical and heavy metals.

Combirepel™ is available in form of masterbatch based on LDPE as well as EVA polymeric granules. Recommended addition level of these masterbatches is 1%-5%. It is effective over a very long span of time. (15-40 years)It does not interfere with the physical & mechanical properties of the polymer.

It is also available in lacquer and liquid form and can be easily coated onto an application to repel the rodents. The best part about this product is that it works on the mechanism of repellence and does not kill the target species. i.e. rodents, thus being in accordance with the need of the century, Sustainability and green chemistry.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

 

Rodents are ubiquitous creatures notorious for the menace they create. Perhaps one of the most affected and largely ignored victims of rodent menace is the automobile industry. Under the hood components of cars are largely susceptible to rodent damage and when it is not serving as a safe haven for rodents from the cold weather it serves as a nutritious supply of electrical wiring, cabling, tubings and injection molded parts. Rodent species are likely to enter into cars and other vehicles through openings beneath the bonnet and damaging wires and other parts of the engine.

 

There have been numerous cases where rodents have managed to destroy car wiring and wires under the hood, behind the dash panel etc. Ever tried to revv up you engine in the morning and it simply won’t start? That is when you know that a rodent has been there, done that!!! The whole backside of the dash panel is a mouse paradise. Headliners, seats, carpeting, are all good rat material.

An interesting report cited the damage done to a brand new sports car by rodents. Clearly rodents are not class conscious! The car was being transported by an FCL container from India to the UK. Upon arrival, when the logistic company opened the container door, they found two dead decomposed rat on the container floor and the wires in the car engines etc are all damaged. Rodents biting threw wires and cables are also responsible for car fires. The damages range from hundreds to thousands of dollars not to mention that sometimes these damages are not covered by insurance.

 

Against this background there is a need to address rodent damage in vehicles in an effective and sustainable manner. Conventional methods involve the use of traditional remedies like moth balls or natural repellent baits. But these are ineffective in their scope to address the problems as the rodents can easily make their way around these contraptions and gnaw away to glory. What is required is an intrinsic solution that can be used to address the problems by direct incorporation in the electrical wiring and injection molded parts.

Combirepel™ is an innovative product designed and developed for automobile industry and individual car users. The products are available in the form of a masterbatch which can be incorporated within wires and cables and polymeric materials right at the outset via extrusion thus making them inherently rodent proof. They have a long life span thus ensuring effective rodent repellence over a period of as high as 5-10 years.

Ancillary precautions can be taken by also using topical coating based formulations ofCombirepel™ for existing cars with wires and cables. These have a life span of as high as upto a year depending on the adhesive life span used however it renders the same level of protection that the masterbatch approach gives for a reduced life span. The plastic seats can also be extruded withCombirepel™ or laminated with thin films comprising ofCombirepel™.

It is also available in lacquer and liquid form and can be easily coated onto an application to repel the rodents. The best part about this product is that it works on the mechanism of repellence and does not kill the target species. i.e. rodents, thus being in accordance with the need of the century, Sustainability and green chemistry.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

 

Root maggots are the immature stage, or larvae, of small flies that belong to the insect order Diptera i.e. flies and the family Anthomyiidae. Root maggots occur worldwide. They are short-lived insects. Maggots are not particularly large creatures; their maximum length being 1/4^th of an inch. The maggots are – cream colored, elongate with the head end pointed. Root maggots thrive in organic matter.

Root maggots constitute the most serious annually recurring insect pest problem of vegetable production. They attack all varieties of crucifiers. When root maggot larvae feed on root crops such as turnip, rutabaga, and radish, they leave surface scars and feeding tunnels thus literally scarring the plant. Any feeding scars may render the product unacceptable for market thus causing severe losses. The root is severely damaged. Feeding tunnels make the plant vulnerable to infection by soft-rot bacteria and to secondary infestation by springtails and thrips. Feeding by root maggot larvae on the stem, leaf and flowering crucifers like cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts and kohlrabi results in the severe decline in the health of the plant. Young plants may be girdled and may die. Root systems in older plants may be extensively damaged and the taproot may be destroyed completely.

Root maggots attack different crops like cabbage, onion, canola, etc. They are named based on the crops that they target as canola root maggot, cabbage root maggot, onion root maggot, etc.

The cabbage maggot, Delia radicum, is a sporadic pest of many Cole crops including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussel sprouts, turnips, radishes, and other crops of the mustard family. Occasionally, they attack other vegetables such as beet and celery. When cabbage maggots emerge, they immediately start feeding on the roots of the host plant seedlings. Plants are more susceptible to cabbage maggots during a wet, cold spring with most of the damage limited to the early spring plantings. Injury from the second generation in late June or July is usually not severe because the maggots prefer cool, moist conditions and younger, tender plants. Maggots feed on the root hair and can create extensive, slimy tunnels on the root surface and throughout the roots. Larvae feed on roots and tunnel into the taproot, producing brown streaks on the root. The lower leaves of infested plants often turn yellow, with severe damage resulting in arrested plant growth. Feeding damage may also promote disease, causing further stress on the plant. Root maggots and root disease often show up together in the same field.

Severe root maggot damage can occur in fields with back to back canola plantations if crop rotation is not followed. Based on average canola prices, the yield losses quantified in the study were equivalent to $108-$140 per acre after only three years of continuous canola. In canola, severe maggot infestations can cause plant wilting, stunting and reduced flowering, decreased seed weight, and lower seed yields. If feeding tunnels are extensive and girdle the root, plant lodging and death can occur. Roots damaged by these maggots are more susceptible to invasion by root pathogens such as Fusarium than intact roots. Yield reductions of the range of 50 and 19 percent from root maggot damage for crops of Brassica rapa L. and B. napus L., respectively, have been reported. In a four-year survey conducted by a team of scientists, of nearly 3000 canola fields across Western Canada, the greatest degree of damage over the largest area was found in central, western and northwestern Alberta, although localized areas with severely damaged roots occurred along the northern edge of the entire Parkland eco region. Soil type can play a part in the degree of root maggot infestation of canola.

The onion maggot (Delia antique) is one of the most destructive insect pests of onions and related plants. Injured seedlings wilt and die. Larger bulbs may survive some injury but are often poor keepers. Once onion maggots infest an area, they seem to be a problem every year. White onion varieties are more susceptible to attack than other varieties. Stunted or wilting onion plants are the first signs of onion maggot damage. At this time, you may find the maggots in putrid, decomposing onion plants. Light infestations may not kill onions but may make them more susceptible to rots. Onions of all sizes may be attacked, especially in the fall, when cooler weather favors the maggot’s activity. Damaged onions are not marketable and will rot in storage causing other onions to rot.

Let us look at the following news article about root maggot damage.

Continuous canola can lead to root maggot damage


CONTINUAL DROP Study finds drop in yields significant 
after the first year


Posted Oct. 5th, 2012

If your rotation is canola, snow, and canola again, you’re setting yourself up for a root maggot infestation.


Insects love it when you grow the same crop year after year, and root maggots and canola are no exception, University of Alberta entomologist Lloyd Dosdall told attendees at a recent Alberta Canola industry update seminar.


Dosdall was part of a research team that examined how canola rotation — or the lack of it — affects crop damage, yield, and seed quality. The study examined 13 different treatments done across Western Canada at five different sites from 2008 to 2011.


Several sites were continuously cropped with canola, while others had a canola-wheat-canola rotation or only had canola in one of the three years. At the end of the season, researchers examined root damage to determine the severity of root maggot infestation.


“The damage to canola that was grown continuously was more severe than when canola was rotated,” said Dosdall.


Root maggot larvae overwinter in soil and the study found the damage they cause increased every year.


“We had the highest yields in the first year of continuous canola, and then they just dropped down significantly in the following two years,” he said.


Dosdall said the loss from continuous cropping ranged from a loss of $280 to $380 per hectare.

Hence to help alleviate or else completely eradicate the infestation we C Tech Corporation provide you with the best effective solution Combirepel™.Combirepel™ is an anti-insect aversive developed on the grounds of green chemistry and technology.

Our product works on the mechanism of repellency. It temporarily inhibits the mating cycle of the insects. The product impairs the ability of the insects to reproduce, that is the insects will not lay eggs or the laid eggs will be infertile. The product causes feeding disruption in an insect by triggering an unpleasant reaction within the insect which might try to feed on the application. The product temporarily blocks the reproduction system of the insects by hindering the release of the vital hormones for growth.

Combirepel™ is thermally stable and does not degrade on exposure to heat and sunlight. It does not kill or harm the insect but repels them. It does not volatilize and does not degrade the soil. It is RoHS, RoHS2, ISO, REACH, APVMA, NEA compliant and FIFRA exempted.

Combirepel™ is an eco-friendly product which acts as an aversive to repel the pesky insects like roaches. Combirepel™ do not kill the targeted as well as non-targeted species but just repel them causing no harm any to human and environment.

Combirepel™ is available in the form of the masterbatch, liquid concentrate, and lacquer. Our Combirepel™ masterbatch can be used in polymer base applications like wires, cables, irrigation pipes, polymeric vessels, and other various applications.

Combirepel™ liquid concentrate can be mixed in the paints to cover the areas like cracks and crevices of walls and hidden places where the roaches tend to survive.

Combirepel™ lacquer is the topical coating to cover the places like bathrooms, cupboards, steam tunnels, etc.

Hence we provide you with the best effective solution.

Contact us as technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com to get solution on pest nuisance.

Also, visit our websites:
http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:
1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:
1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

 

 

 

 

 

 

Be it homeowners, hotel owners, library owners or theatre owners, they have one enemy in common and they are termites!! And when they are as dangerous as Coptotermes acinaciformis, there is a great reason to worry about. Let’s get to know more about these species.

Coptotermes acinaciformis can be found in widespread areas throughout Australia. They are predominantly found in urban areas and where eucalypts are abundant. They are the second most destructive termite in Australia and cause the greatest amount of structural damage to buildings, timber structures, trees and electrical wiring.

These species are most commonly found in the base of trees and stumps and in built in patios, under concrete slabs and buried timber, wherever there is moisture and a secure hiding place to form a nest. They love it between garden sheds and the fence when timber is left there. One of the most destructive elements of this species is that it can form ancillary nests, away from the main colony, particularly in wall cavities.

Coptotermes acinaciformis are subterranean termite species 5.0-6.6 mm in length, and they have sabre like the mandibles with no obvious teeth. The labrum is not grooved and the head is pear-shaped and rounded laterally. Fontanelle is obvious on the anterior part of the head. Tarsi (skeleton) have 4 segments and abdominal cerci have 2 segments. It pronotum(dorsal) is flat and it does not have any anterior lobe.

The life cycle of these species is a gradual process. Queen lays eggs singly. A nymph after hatching passes through 4-7 moults before becoming a mature worker, soldier or winged reproductive. Nymphs resemble the adults or mature castes. Nymphal stage lasts approximately 2-3 months, depending of food and climatic conditions. No pupal stage exists. Soldiers and workers live for 1-2 years.

There are 4 different castes of adults:

1. Queen and King:

The queen and king are the original winged reproductives (dealates). When a new colony is formed the pair must feed and care for the young until there are sufficient soldiers and workers to take over the duties of the colony.

2. Worker:

This is the most abundant caste in the colony, performing all the tasks except defence and reproduction. It is this caste that does damage to timber. These are the males and females whose sexual organs and characteristics have not developed. They are wingless, blind and sterile. They also have a thin cuticlewhich makes them susceptible to desiccation. They are the kind of species which will leave the security of underground tunnels and shelter tubes only when humidity is high or in the search for new food sources.

3. Soldier:

This is the most distinctive and the easiest caste from which to identify a species. The role of this caste is to defend the colony. These consist of males and females whose sexual organs and characteristics have not developed. Li ke the workers caste, they are susceptible to dessication and seldom leave the colony or shelter ubes. The fontanelle is used to discharge a secretion associated with defence, since it is a repellent to ants and other enemies of termites.

4. Reproductive:

They are the future kings and queens. Having compound eyes, they are darker in colour and have a more dense cuticle than workers and soldiers. They are often large. When fully winged(alates) a colonising flight will occur when humidity and temperature conditions outside approximate the conditions inside the colony, normally in summer months.

These mostly nests in trees, stumps, poles or filled-in verandahs where timber has been buried. Soil contact is desirable, but not essential depending on an assured water supply and security in its habitat.

Workers feed on wood, wood products, leaves, bark and grass. The cellulose of wood is digested by intestinal protozoa. The other castes are fed by the workers from oral and anal excretions. Protein is also required in the diet, which is usually supplied by fungi that decay wood and vegetation.

Coptotermes “acinaciformis” gets its name from the fact that the soldiers excrete formic acid from their mouths when they are threatened. This poses a problem for wiring in buildings infested with this species. These are most widely distributed timber pest in Australia, accounting for more than 70% of the serious damage to buildings in New South Wales. A single colony may consist of more than one million termites.

Hence to help alleviate or else completely eradicate the infestation we C Tech Corporation provide you with the best effective solution Combirepel™.Combirepel™ is an anti-insect aversive developed on the grounds of green chemistry and technology.

Our product works on the mechanism of repellency. It temporarily inhibits the mating cycle of the insects. The product impairs the ability of the insects to reproduce, that is the insects will not lay eggs or the laid eggs will be infertile. The product causes feeding disruption in an insect by triggering an unpleasant reaction within the insect which might try to feed on the application. The product temporarily blocks the reproduction system of the insects by hindering the release of the vital hormones for growth.

Combirepel™ is thermally stable and does not degrade on exposure to heat and sunlight. It does not kill or harm the insect but repels them. It does not volatilize and does not degrade the soil. It is RoHS, RoHS2, ISO, REACH, APVMA, NEA compliant and FIFRA exempted.

Combirepel™ is an eco-friendly product which acts as an aversive to repel the pesky insects like roaches. Combirepel™ do not kill the targeted as well as non-targeted species but just repel them causing no harm no to human and environment.

Combirepel™ is available in the form of masterbatch, liquid concentrate, and lacquer. Our Combirepel™ masterbatch can be used in polymer base applications like wires, cables, irrigation pipes, polymeric vessels, and other various applications.

Combirepel™ liquid concentrate can be mixed in the paints to cover the areas like cracks and crevices of walls and hidden places where the roaches tend to survive.

Combirepel™ lacquer is the topical coating to cover the places like bathrooms, cupboards, steam tunnels, etc.

Hence we provide you with the best effective solution.

Contact us as technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com to get solution on pest nuisance.

Also, visit our websites:
http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:
1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:
1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

 

The glassy-winged sharpshooter is a large leafhopper species native to the southeastern United States. It is one of the main vectors of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, a plant pathogen that causes a variety of plant diseases, including phony peach disease of peach and Pierce’s disease of grape. It obtains its nutrients by feeding on plant fluids in the water-conducting tissues of a plant. Feeding on plants rarely causes significant plant damage, although the insects do excrete copious amounts of liquid that can make leaves and fruit appear whitewashed when dry. The excrement is a special nuisance when shade trees are heavily infested because cars parked under the trees tend to become spotted. During hot weather, heavy populations of glassy-winged sharpshooters feeding on small plants may cause them to wilt.

The real problem associated with a glassy-winged sharpshooter, however, is that it can spread the disease-causing bacterium Xylella fastidiosa from one plant to another. This bacterium is the causal agent of devastating plant diseases such as Pierce’s disease of grape, oleander leaf scorch, almond leaf scorch and mulberry leaf scorch. Other diseases to landscape plants in California include sweet gum dieback and cherry plum leaf scorch. When a glassy-winged sharpshooter feeds on a plant that is infected with X. fastidiosa, it acquires the bacteria, which multiplies within the insect’s mouthparts. The sharpshooter then transfers the bacteria to another plant when it feeds. The glassy-winged sharpshooter feeds on plants through straw-like mouthparts inserted into the xylem tissue which conducts water throughout the plant. Because nutrients are diluted in xylem fluid, the insect must process large volumes to meet nutritional needs. Thus, this pest produces copious amounts of watery excreta and is a social nuisance as the liquid rains down from large populations feeding on ornamental trees.

In infested citrus orchards, tree canopies take on a white-washed appearance by mid-summer due to the buildup of residues after the evaporation of these watery excreta. Different strains of this bacterium induce severe diseases in many agricultural and ornamental plants. In ornamental horticulture, an important part of the landscape in the southwest will be lost if oleander leaf scorch continues to spread and resistant oleander varieties are not found. Oleander is found in 20% of all home gardens in California and is a mainstay of landscapes in shopping centers, parks, and golf courses. It is estimated that Caltrans alone stands to suffer at least a $52 million loss if oleander on highway plantings is lost. In the city of Tustin (Orange County), approximately $200,000 was requisitioned to pay for removal of oleanders maintained on city greenbelts and for replanting other ornamental species. Another huge economic problem lies in the transport of ornamentals by wholesale nurseries as this industry is subjected to rigorous inspections and mandatory insecticide applications to minimize the accidental shipment of the glassy-winged sharpshooter into uninfested areas of California. The Agriculture Appropriation Act of 2002 included $8.5 million in funding for controlling the glassy-winged sharpshooter.

The below article would better explain these menacing insects.

Pesky, destructive insect discovered in Marin

 March 13, 2015

By Chris Rooney

 As if unreliable weather patterns aren’t enough to drive grape growers over the edge, a new threat for vintners has reared its ugly head in Marin County — the glassy-winged sharpshooter.

 “People need to know how devastating this pest can be,” Marin County Agricultural Commissioner Stacy Carlsen said. “We want to keep it out of the county.”

 The destructive insect sucks the fluids out of plants and can wreak horticultural havoc in agricultural areas. One critter was recently found in Marin County during a routine inspection of a nursery shipment from Ventura County.

 Despite thorough efforts to inspect plants being shipped from southern California to local nurseries, Carlsen said the sharpshooter can sneak by.

“Check your plants and make sure there are no hitchhikers,” Carlsen said.

 Carlsen reported that an agricultural program assistant with the Marin County Department of Agriculture captured an adult glassy-winged sharpshooter on Feb. 26 while checking an incoming plant shipment.

 According to a Bay City News report, that shipment has since been returned, but the name of the nursery that sent it is being withheld to prevent unwanted attention, according to the Department of Agriculture.

 The species damages a wide variety of plants and spreads lethal diseases to crops such as almonds and grapes for which there are no known cures.

 According to the University of California Integrated Pest Management Program, the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis, is an insect that was inadvertently introduced into southern California in the early 1990s.

 It is native to the southeastern United States and was most likely brought into California accidentally as egg masses in ornamental or agricultural plant foliage.

 The real problem associated with a glassy-winged sharpshooter, however, is that it can spread the disease-causing bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa, from one plant to another. This bacterium is the causal agent of devastating plant diseases such as Pierce’s disease of grape, oleander leaf scorch, almond leaf scorch and mulberry leaf scorch. Other diseases to landscape plants in California include sweet gum dieback and cherry plum leaf scorch.

 The principal reason for controlling the glassy-winged sharpshooter is to prevent the spread of the Xylella bacterium to susceptible plants. Because very low numbers of sharpshooters can spread the disease, it is not known how effective insecticides applied to suppress sharpshooters will be in controlling disease spread; research is currently underway to study this issue.

 The current strategy for containing the problem is to keep the insect out of new areas.

What we need is a solution which would effectively keep the glassy-winged sharpshooter population in check, keeping them away from our trees, while at the same time not having any negative impact on the environment.

Hence to help alleviate or else completely eradicate the infestation we C Tech Corporation provide you with the best effective solution Combirepel™.Combirepel™ is an anti-insect aversive developed on the grounds of green chemistry and technology.

Our product works on the mechanism of repellency. It temporarily inhibits the mating cycle of the insects. The product impairs the ability of the insects to reproduce, that is the insects will not lay eggs or the laid eggs will be infertile. The product causes feeding disruption in an insect by triggering an unpleasant reaction within the insect which might try to feed on the application. The product temporarily blocks the reproduction system of the insects by hindering the release of the vital hormones for growth.

Combirepel™ is thermally stable and does not degrade on exposure to heat and sunlight. It does not kill or harm the insect but repels them. It does not volatilize and does not degrade the soil. It is RoHS, RoHS2, ISO, REACH, APVMA, NEA compliant and FIFRA exempted.

Combirepel™ is an eco-friendly product which acts as an aversive to repel the pesky insects like roaches. Combirepel™ do not kill the targeted as well as non-targeted species but just repel them causing no harm no to human and environment.

Combirepel™ is available in the form of masterbatch, liquid concentrate, and lacquer. Our Combirepel™ masterbatch can be used in polymer base applications like wires, cables, irrigation pipes, polymeric vessels, and other various applications.

Combirepel™ liquid concentrate can be mixed in the paints to cover the areas like cracks and crevices of walls and hidden places where the roaches tend to survive.

Combirepel™ lacquer is the topical coating to cover the places like bathrooms, cupboards, steam tunnels, etc.

Hence we provide you with the best effective solution.

Contact us as technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com to get solution on pest nuisance.

Also, visit our websites:
http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

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